ZyCoV-D

ZyCoV-D

ZyCoV-D logo

ZyCoV-D is a DNA vaccine developed by the Indian pharmaceutical company Zydus Cadila for the prevention of COVID-19. It is notable for being the world's first DNA-based vaccine approved for human use. ZyCoV-D is administered using a needle-free applicator, which delivers the vaccine intradermally.

Development

ZyCoV-D was developed by Zydus Cadila in collaboration with the Department of Biotechnology under the Indian Government's "Mission COVID Suraksha". The vaccine uses a plasmid DNA platform, which involves inserting the genetic code for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into a small, circular piece of DNA called a plasmid. This plasmid is then introduced into the human body, where it instructs cells to produce the spike protein, thereby eliciting an immune response.

Mechanism of Action

The vaccine works by introducing a plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Once inside the body, the plasmid enters cells and uses the host cell's machinery to produce the spike protein. The immune system recognizes this protein as foreign and mounts an immune response, producing antibodies and activating T-cells to fight the virus if the vaccinated individual is exposed to it in the future.

Clinical Trials

ZyCoV-D underwent extensive clinical trials to assess its safety and efficacy. The trials were conducted in multiple phases, involving thousands of participants across India. The vaccine demonstrated a good safety profile and an efficacy rate of approximately 66.6% in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infection.

Approval and Use

In August 2021, ZyCoV-D received emergency use authorization from the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) for use in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and above. It is administered in a three-dose regimen, with each dose given at an interval of 28 days.

Advantages

One of the key advantages of ZyCoV-D is its needle-free delivery system, which reduces the risk of needle-stick injuries and improves patient compliance. Additionally, the vaccine is stable at room temperature, making it easier to store and transport compared to some other COVID-19 vaccines that require ultra-cold storage.

Challenges

Despite its innovative approach, ZyCoV-D faces challenges such as the need for a three-dose regimen, which may complicate logistics and increase the time required to achieve full vaccination. Additionally, as a new technology, DNA vaccines have not been as widely used as other types of vaccines, which may affect public perception and acceptance.

Related pages

• COVID-19 vaccine
• Zydus Cadila
• DNA vaccine
• SARS-CoV-2