Absence seizure

Type of generalized seizure

An absence seizure is a type of generalized seizure that involves brief, sudden lapses in attention. These seizures are more common in children than in adults and are characterized by a short period of "blanking out" or staring into space. They are a form of epilepsy and are sometimes referred to as "petit mal seizures."

Characteristics

Absence seizures typically last for a few seconds and can occur many times a day. During an absence seizure, the person may appear to be staring blankly into space and will not respond to external stimuli. These seizures can be so brief that they may go unnoticed by others. After the seizure, the person usually resumes their previous activity without any postictal confusion or fatigue.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of an absence seizure is a sudden stop in motion without falling. Other symptoms may include:

• Lip smacking
• Fluttering eyelids
• Chewing motions
• Small movements of both hands

Causes

The exact cause of absence seizures is not well understood, but they are believed to be related to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Genetic factors may play a role, as absence seizures can run in families. They are associated with a type of brain wave pattern called "3 Hz spike-and-wave discharges" on an electroencephalogram (EEG).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of absence seizures typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. An EEG is the most important test for diagnosing absence seizures, as it can detect the characteristic spike-and-wave patterns. Other tests may include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for absence seizures often involves antiseizure medication. Common medications include ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine. The choice of medication depends on the individual's specific circumstances and the presence of other types of seizures.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with absence seizures is generally good, especially in children. Many children outgrow absence seizures by adolescence. However, some individuals may continue to experience seizures into adulthood or may develop other types of seizures.

Related pages

• Epilepsy
• Generalized seizure
• Electroencephalography
• Antiseizure medication