Valproic acid

Valproic acid (VPA) is a medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches. It is useful for the prevention of seizures in those with absence seizures, partial seizures, and generalized seizures. It can be given intravenously or by mouth. Long and short acting formulations exist.

Medical uses[edit | edit source]

Valproic acid is used primarily to treat epilepsy and psychiatric conditions such as bipolar disorder and major depression. It is also used to prevent migraines.

Epilepsy[edit | edit source]

Valproic acid is used to control certain types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Bipolar disorder[edit | edit source]

Valproic acid is used to treat manic episodes related to bipolar disorder (manic depression), and to prevent migraine headaches.

Migraine[edit | edit source]

Valproic acid is also used to prevent migraines. It is not used to relieve a headache that has already started because it does not work that way.

Side effects[edit | edit source]

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, and a dry mouth. Serious side effects can include liver problems and regular monitoring of liver function tests is therefore recommended. Other serious risks include pancreatitis and an increased suicide risk.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Valproic acid is a fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It might act by increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.

History[edit | edit source]

Valproic acid was first synthesized in 1882 by Beverly S. Burton as an analogue of valeric acid, found naturally in valerian. Valproic acid is a carboxylic acid, a clear liquid at room temperature.

See also[edit | edit source]

Valproic acid Resources
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