Γ-Aminobutyric acid

Γ-Aminobutyric acid (also known as GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone.

Structure and function

GABA is a amino acid but it is not part of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is classified as a neurotransmitter, which means it sends chemical messages from the brain to the nervous system. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that decreases or inhibits nerve and muscle function.

Biosynthesis

GABA is synthesized in the brain. It is made via the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) which converts glutamate to GABA.

Role in the body

GABA plays a role in regulating neuronal excitability, anxiety, and muscle tone. It is also involved in the regulation of the sleep cycle, body temperature, and the activity of the pituitary gland.

Clinical significance

GABA is a significant neurotransmitter that is involved in various pathological conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety disorder, and Parkinson's disease.

See also

• Neurotransmitter
• Central nervous system
• Amino acid
• Glutamate

References

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