Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene

Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is a chemical compound formed by the loss of hydrogen chloride (dehydrohalogenation) from DDT, of which it is one of the more common breakdown products. It is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that is categorized under the group of organochlorine pesticides.

Chemical Properties

DDE is a colorless crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water but has a high affinity for fats. It is a stable compound that is resistant to acid, alkali, oxidation, and reduction. It is less volatile than DDT.

Environmental Impact

Due to its stability and fat solubility, DDE can bioaccumulate, particularly in predatory birds. DDE is toxic to a wide range of living organisms, causing adverse effects such as eggshell thinning in birds and disruptions in calcium metabolism in mammals. It is also suspected to have hormone-disrupting effects.

Health Effects

Exposure to DDE can occur through ingestion of contaminated food, inhalation, and skin contact. It can cause a variety of health effects in humans, including liver damage, nervous system damage, and reproductive effects. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the IARC.

Regulation

Due to its environmental and health effects, the use of DDT and its related compounds, including DDE, has been banned in many countries. It is listed in the Stockholm Convention for elimination, with specific exemptions for malaria control.

See Also

• DDT
• POP
• Bioaccumulation
• Stockholm Convention

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  Chemical structure of p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene
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  3D model of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
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  Elimination reaction from DDT to DDE