Hetacillin potassium

Hetacillin potassium is a penicillin derivative that is used as an antibiotic to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a potassium salt form of hetacillin, which itself is a semi-synthetic derivative of ampicillin. Hetacillin potassium is known for its effectiveness against a range of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.

Chemistry

Hetacillin potassium is synthesized from ampicillin by the acylation of the amino group with a phenylacetic acid derivative, forming a compound that is more stable in acidic environments. This modification allows hetacillin to be administered orally, as it is less susceptible to degradation by stomach acid compared to other penicillins.

Mechanism of Action

Hetacillin potassium works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, leading to the inhibition of the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that hetacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of hetacillin potassium involves its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and its conversion to ampicillin by the removal of the phenylacetic acid group. This conversion occurs in the bloodstream. The pharmacokinetic properties of hetacillin potassium are therefore similar to those of ampicillin, including its half-life and excretion pathways.

Clinical Uses

Hetacillin potassium is used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and others. It is particularly useful where oral administration of a penicillin-type antibiotic is preferred.

Side Effects

Like other penicillins, hetacillin potassium can cause a range of side effects, including allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and changes in blood parameters. Allergic reactions can range from rash to anaphylaxis, a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

See Also

• Ampicillin
• Penicillin
• Antibiotic resistance