Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine[edit | edit source]
Pyrimethamine is a synthetic compound derived from ethyl-pyrimidine, renowned for its robust antimalarial capabilities. As an antimalarial agent, it primarily operates by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), playing a pivotal role in treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Pyrimethamine functions as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme DHFR. This enzyme is integral to the redox cycle, responsible for producing tetrahydrofolate — a critical cofactor needed for the synthesis of DNA and proteins. By inhibiting DHFR, Pyrimethamine hampers the production of tetrahydrofolate, thus affecting DNA and protein synthesis in the malaria-causing parasites, thereby restricting their growth and multiplication.
Clinical Use[edit | edit source]
While Pyrimethamine is effective as an antimalarial agent on its own, it is frequently combined with other antimalarials to enhance efficacy, reduce resistance, and treat uncomplicated cases of falciparum malaria. The combined therapy ensures a broad-spectrum action against various stages of the malaria parasite's life cycle.
Side Effects and Considerations[edit | edit source]
As with many medications, Pyrimethamine can be associated with side effects. Patients should be aware of potential adverse reactions and consult healthcare professionals if concerning symptoms arise. Regular monitoring and follow-up may be essential, especially during prolonged treatment.
Resistance[edit | edit source]
Over time, and due to the widespread and sometimes indiscriminate use of antimalarials, strains of malaria-causing parasites have developed resistance to certain drugs, including Pyrimethamine. Researchers and healthcare providers advocate for the judicious use of antimalarial agents and often recommend combination therapies to counteract resistance and achieve effective treatment outcomes.
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Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Pyrimethamine for any updates.
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