Oleandomycin

Oleandomycin is an antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics. It was first isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces antibioticus in the 1950s. Oleandomycin is primarily used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms.

History

Oleandomycin was discovered in 1955 by scientists at the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It was one of the first macrolide antibiotics to be discovered, following the discovery of erythromycin in 1952.

Mechanism of Action

Like other macrolide antibiotics, oleandomycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing the addition of new amino acids to the growing peptide chain.

Medical Uses

Oleandomycin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and sexually transmitted infections. It is particularly effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.

Side Effects

Common side effects of oleandomycin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, it can cause allergic reactions or liver damage.

Resistance

Resistance to oleandomycin can occur through several mechanisms, including modification of the antibiotic target, efflux of the antibiotic from the bacterial cell, and enzyme-mediated inactivation of the antibiotic.

See Also

• Macrolide
• Antibiotic resistance
• Streptomyces

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