Cefdaloxime

File:Cefdaloxime.svg

Cefdaloxime is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It belongs to the class of beta-lactam antibiotics, which work by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.

Mechanism of Action

Cefdaloxime exerts its bactericidal effect by binding to and inactivating penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This action inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis, which is essential for cell wall integrity. The inhibition of cell wall synthesis leads to cell lysis and death.

Spectrum of Activity

Cefdaloxime is effective against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is particularly useful in treating infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Clinical Uses

Cefdaloxime is indicated for the treatment of various infections, including:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Intra-abdominal infections

Pharmacokinetics

Cefdaloxime is administered orally or intravenously. It is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when taken orally. The drug is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid when the meninges are inflamed. Cefdaloxime is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.

Side Effects

Common side effects of cefdaloxime include:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Allergic reactions

Serious but rare side effects may include:

• Anaphylaxis
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
• Hematologic disorders

Contraindications

Cefdaloxime is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or any component of the formulation. Caution is advised in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity to penicillins.

See Also

• Cephalosporin
• Antibiotic resistance
• Beta-lactam antibiotics
• Penicillin-binding proteins