Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime is a third-generation Cephalosporin antibiotic. It was first patented in 1976 and came into medical use in 1980. Cefotaxime is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and others.

Chemistry[edit | edit source]

Cefotaxime is a semi-synthetic, beta-lactam antibiotic, which is resistant to most beta-lactamases. It is derived from Cephalosporin C, a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by the fungus Acremonium. Cefotaxime works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Cefotaxime is administered either by intravenous or intramuscular injection. It is metabolized in the body and excreted in the urine. The half-life of cefotaxime is approximately one hour in adults.

Clinical Use[edit | edit source]

Cefotaxime is used to treat a wide range of infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, gonorrhea, and infections of the skin, urinary tract, and abdomen. It is also used for surgical prophylaxis in patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Common side effects of cefotaxime include rash, diarrhea, and changes in white blood cell count. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile infection, allergic reactions, and seizures.

Resistance[edit | edit source]

Resistance to cefotaxime and other cephalosporins can occur through several mechanisms, including the production of beta-lactamase enzymes, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins, and efflux pumps.