Tylosin

Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic and antimicrobial agent that is used in veterinary medicine. It is produced by a strain of Streptomyces fradiae, a soil-dwelling bacterium.

History

Tylosin was first isolated in 1961 from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces fradiae. It was introduced to the market as a veterinary drug in the 1970s.

Chemistry

Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic, a class of drugs that includes erythromycin and azithromycin. Macrolides are characterized by a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached.

Mechanism of action

Tylosin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, causing disruption of their growth and reproduction. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, which prevents the transfer of amino acids to the growing peptide chain.

Uses

Tylosin is used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections in a wide range of animals, including cattle, swine, chickens, and bees. It is also used in the aquaculture industry. In addition to its antibacterial properties, tylosin has anti-inflammatory effects and is used to treat certain inflammatory conditions in animals.

Side effects

The most common side effects of tylosin in animals are gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. In rare cases, it can cause allergic reactions.

Resistance

Resistance to tylosin can occur through several mechanisms, including modification of the antibiotic target, efflux pumps, and enzyme-mediated inactivation.

See also

• Macrolide
• Veterinary medicine
• Antibiotic resistance

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