Ketolide

Ketolides are a class of antibiotics that are structurally related to the macrolides. They are used to treat respiratory tract infections caused by certain bacteria. Ketolides are designed to overcome two common mechanisms of resistance to macrolides.

History

Ketolides were developed in response to the growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The first ketolide, telithromycin, was approved by the FDA in 2004.

Mechanism of action

Ketolides work by binding to the ribosomes of bacteria, inhibiting protein synthesis and thereby stopping bacterial growth. They bind to two sites on the ribosome, which is thought to make them more effective against resistant bacteria.

Clinical use

Ketolides are used to treat respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and acute bacterial sinusitis. They are particularly useful against bacteria that are resistant to macrolides.

Side effects

Common side effects of ketolides include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In rare cases, they can cause serious liver damage.

Resistance

Resistance to ketolides can occur through several mechanisms, including modification of the ribosomal target, efflux pumps, and enzymatic inactivation.

See also

• Macrolide
• Antibiotic resistance
• Protein synthesis