Rifampicin

Rifampicin

Rifampicin

Rifampicin, also known as rifampin in the United States, is an antibiotic used in the treatment of several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Legionnaire's disease. It is often used in combination with other antibiotics, as part of a multi-drug therapy, to prevent the development of drug resistance.

History

Rifampicin was first isolated in 1957 from the bacterium Streptomyces mediterranei. It was introduced into clinical practice in 1968 and has since become a cornerstone of antituberculosis therapy.

Mechanism of action

Rifampicin works by inhibiting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of bacteria, thereby preventing the transcription of DNA into RNA and the subsequent translation into proteins. This inhibits the growth and reproduction of the bacteria, leading to their eventual death.

Side effects

Common side effects of rifampicin include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and rash. More serious side effects can include liver damage, allergic reactions, and drug interactions.

Resistance

Resistance to rifampicin can occur when the bacteria mutate the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, reducing the drug's ability to bind to it. This is a major concern in the treatment of tuberculosis, and is one of the reasons why rifampicin is usually given in combination with other drugs.

See also

• Antibiotic resistance
• Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
• Pharmacology of tuberculosis