Pheneticillin
Pheneticillin[edit | edit source]
Pheneticillin is a type of beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the penicillin class. It is a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin and is used primarily for its antibacterial properties. Pheneticillin is known for its effectiveness against certain Gram-positive bacteria.
Chemical Structure[edit | edit source]
Pheneticillin, also known as phenethicillin, has a chemical structure that includes a beta-lactam ring, which is crucial for its antibacterial activity. The presence of the beta-lactam ring allows it to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to the death of the bacteria.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Pheneticillin works by inhibiting the transpeptidase enzyme, which is essential for the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell walls. This inhibition weakens the cell wall and ultimately causes the bacteria to lyse and die. Like other penicillins, pheneticillin is most effective against actively dividing bacteria.
Clinical Uses[edit | edit source]
Pheneticillin is used to treat infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria. It is particularly effective against Streptococcus species and other Gram-positive organisms. It is often prescribed for mild to moderate infections such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and skin infections.
Administration[edit | edit source]
Pheneticillin is typically administered orally. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's age and renal function.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of pheneticillin include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Allergic reactions, although rare, can occur and may manifest as rash, urticaria, or more severe reactions like anaphylaxis.
Resistance[edit | edit source]
Bacterial resistance to pheneticillin can occur through the production of beta-lactamase enzymes, which hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring, rendering the antibiotic ineffective. Resistance can also arise from alterations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
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