Metampicillin

Metampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the penicillin group. It is a prodrug of ampicillin, and is used in the treatment of various bacterial infections.

History

Metampicillin was first synthesized in the 1960s as a prodrug of ampicillin, with the aim of improving the oral bioavailability of the latter. The development of metampicillin was part of a broader trend in antibiotic research to create prodrugs that could be more effectively absorbed by the body.

Pharmacology

As a prodrug, metampicillin is inactive in its original form. It is converted into its active form, ampicillin, in the body. This conversion happens in the stomach, where the acidic environment triggers the release of ampicillin.

Ampicillin, the active form of metampicillin, works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It does this by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, which are enzymes that play a key role in cell wall synthesis. By inhibiting these enzymes, ampicillin prevents bacteria from forming a complete cell wall, which is necessary for their survival.

Clinical Use

Metampicillin is used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. It is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Side Effects

Like other penicillins, metampicillin can cause allergic reactions in some people. Other potential side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea and diarrhea, and changes in blood counts.

See Also

• Prodrug
• Ampicillin
• Penicillin