Pulmonary tuberculosis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. It is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is characterized by the growth of tubercles (small rounded nodules) in the lungs.

Etiology

Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis can vary, but often include a persistent cough, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Other symptoms can include weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, and loss of appetite.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These tests can include a tuberculin skin test, a chest X-ray, and a sputum culture.

Treatment

Treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis typically involves a long course of antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics are isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Treatment usually lasts for six to nine months.

Prevention

Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis involves a combination of vaccination with the BCG vaccine, early detection and treatment of active cases, and preventive therapy for individuals at high risk.

See also

• Tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• BCG vaccine

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