Borderline lepromatous leprosy

Borderline lepromatous leprosy (also known as BL leprosy) is a type of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. This form of leprosy is characterized by numerous skin lesions, nerve damage, and a high bacterial load.

Etiology

Borderline lepromatous leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a slow-growing bacterium that primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The bacterium is transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person.

Clinical Features

Patients with borderline lepromatous leprosy typically present with numerous skin lesions, including nodules, plaques, and macules. The lesions are often symmetrically distributed and may be either hypo- or hyperpigmented. Nerve involvement is common and can lead to sensory and motor deficits.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy is primarily based on clinical findings. Skin biopsy and histopathology can confirm the diagnosis. The presence of numerous acid-fast bacilli in the skin and nerves is characteristic of this form of leprosy.

Treatment

Treatment of borderline lepromatous leprosy involves multi-drug therapy, typically including dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Early treatment is crucial to prevent permanent nerve damage and disability.

Epidemiology

Borderline lepromatous leprosy is more common in areas where leprosy is endemic, such as India, Brazil, and parts of Africa. However, it can occur in any part of the world. The disease affects both adults and children, and there is no known gender predilection.

See Also

• Leprosy
• Tuberculoid leprosy
• Lepromatous leprosy
• Mycobacterium leprae