Malnutrition
Malnutrition | |
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Other names | Undernutrition |
Specialty | Nutrition, general medicine, pediatrics, geriatrics |
Symptoms | Fatigue, dizziness, weight loss, muscle weakness, weakened immune system, swollen and bleeding gums, decaying teeth, slowed reaction times, growth problems in children, anemia |
Usual onset | Can occur at any age, often seen in poverty-stricken areas and in the elderly |
Duration | Can be short-term or long-term depending on the cause and if treatment is received |
Causes | Insufficient, excessive or unbalanced diet, inability to absorb foods, diseases, socio-economic and living conditions |
Risk factors | Poverty, lack of access to quality food, certain diseases, age (children and elderly are at higher risk), pregnancy |
Diagnostic method | Based on physical examination, dietary history, body mass index (BMI), and various laboratory tests |
Treatment | Dietary changes, nutritional supplements, treating underlying conditions |
Medication | Vitamin and mineral supplements |
Malnutrition is a significant global health concern that occurs when a person's diet does not provide the necessary amount of nutrients for the body to function effectively, or when the body cannot adequately absorb the nutrients from food.
Symptoms
Symptoms of malnutrition can vary greatly depending on the type and severity of nutrient deficiency. Common signs include fatigue, dizziness, unintended weight loss, muscle weakness, and a weakened immune system. More severe symptoms can include swollen and bleeding gums, decaying teeth, slowed reaction times, and, in children, slowed growth and development.
Causes
Malnutrition can result from an insufficient or excessive diet, an unbalanced diet, or an inability to properly absorb nutrients from food. This can be due to various factors, including poverty, socio-economic conditions, lack of access to quality food, certain diseases and conditions, and age (children and the elderly are at higher risk).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of malnutrition involves a comprehensive evaluation that includes a physical examination, dietary history, calculation of body mass index (BMI), and various laboratory tests. This can help identify any nutrient deficiencies and determine the underlying cause of malnutrition.
Treatment
The primary goal of treatment for malnutrition is to address the underlying cause and restore nutritional balance. This can involve dietary changes, nutritional supplements, and treatment of underlying conditions. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
See Also
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