Food security

Food security refers to the availability of food and one's access to it. A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. The World Health Organization defines the dimensions of food security as availability, access, utilization, and stability. The food security agenda recognizes 28 global targets designed to tackle critical issues related to poverty, hunger, health, education, climate change, water and sanitation, energy, environment and social justice.

Availability

Food availability relates to the supply of food through production, distribution, and exchange. Food production is determined by a variety of factors including land ownership, access to capital and inputs, and labor availability. Distribution of food occurs through markets and transportation infrastructure. Exchange of food is influenced by purchasing power and market prices.

Access

Food access refers to the affordability and allocation of food, as well as the preferences of individuals and households. Affordability can be influenced by income levels, food prices, and control of resources. Allocation of food within households can be determined by gender, age, and social status. Preferences for certain types of food can be influenced by cultural, social, and personal factors.

Utilization

Food utilization refers to the metabolism of food by individuals. This can be influenced by health status, age, sex, and nutritional knowledge. Utilization can also be affected by food safety and quality, as well as social and cultural value systems.

Stability

Food stability refers to the ability to obtain food over time. Stability can be influenced by seasonal variations in food production and availability, price fluctuations, and political factors such as conflict and economic instability.

Food Security and Health

Food security is closely linked to health outcomes. Food insecurity can lead to malnutrition, which can in turn lead to a range of health problems. Conversely, good health can improve food security by enhancing individuals' ability to work and earn a living.

See Also

• Food insecurity
• Malnutrition
• World Health Organization
• Poverty
• Hunger

References

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  Africa Food Security
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  Prevalence of Food Insecurity Among Women and Men
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  Distribution of Food Insecurity by Severity
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  FAO Food Security 2012
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  Number of Severely Food Insecure People by Region
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  Food Insecurity Levels by Region and Sex (2022)
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  Kenya Food Security
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  Bengal Famine 1943
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  Food Production Per Capita
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  FAO kcal History
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  Goats and Global Food Security
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  Global Hunger Levels 2021-2022