Protein-energy malnutrition

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of protein and/or energy in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.

Causes

PEM is caused by a deficiency in the intake of protein and energy sources. This can be due to a lack of availability of these nutrients, or due to problems with digestion or absorption. Other causes can include diseases that cause increased nutrient requirements or increased nutrient losses.

Symptoms

The symptoms of PEM can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild PEM can cause growth failure and loss of muscle mass. Moderate PEM can cause a condition called kwashiorkor, which is characterized by swelling, changes in skin and hair color, and an enlarged liver. Severe PEM can cause a condition called marasmus, which is characterized by severe wasting and loss of fat and muscle mass.

Treatment

The treatment for PEM involves increasing the intake of protein and energy sources. This can be done through dietary changes or through the use of nutritional supplements. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

See also

• Malnutrition
• Kwashiorkor
• Marasmus

Protein-energy malnutrition Resources
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