Macronutrient

Macronutrients are the nutrients that the human body needs in the largest amounts. They include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These nutrients provide energy (calories) and have various functions in the body.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which can be used immediately for energy or stored in the body's cells for later use. There are two main types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates, or sugars, include fructose, glucose, and lactose. Complex carbohydrates, or starches, include grains, beans, peas, and other vegetables.

Proteins

Proteins are essential for growth and repair of body tissues, as well as for production of enzymes and hormones. They also play a crucial role in the immune system. Proteins are made up of amino acids, some of which the body can produce on its own, while others must be obtained from the diet.

Fats

Fats are a concentrated source of energy. They are essential for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), and for insulation and protection of organs. Fats can be saturated or unsaturated, and they can be further classified as monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats.

Macronutrient Balance

The balance of macronutrients in the diet can affect health. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that carbohydrates make up 45 to 65 percent of total daily calories, proteins 10 to 35 percent, and fats 20 to 35 percent.

See Also

• Micronutrient
• Diet (nutrition)
• Nutrition
• Healthy diet

Macronutrient Resources
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