Pituitary
Pituitary
The pituitary is a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in the human body's endocrine system. It is located at the base of the brain, and is responsible for producing and releasing a variety of hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily functions.
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis). Each part has a different structure and function.
Anterior Pituitary[edit | edit source]
The anterior pituitary is the front part of the gland. It produces and releases a variety of hormones, including growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL).
Posterior Pituitary[edit | edit source]
The posterior pituitary is the back part of the gland. It does not produce hormones, but it does store and release two hormones made in the hypothalamus: oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone, or ADH).
Function[edit | edit source]
The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the function of most other endocrine glands. The hormones it produces and releases regulate a wide range of bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and water balance.
Disorders[edit | edit source]
There are several disorders that can affect the pituitary gland, including pituitary adenoma, Cushing's disease, acromegaly, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. These disorders can cause a variety of symptoms and can often be treated with medication or surgery.
See also[edit | edit source]
| Pituitary Resources | |
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References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
- Mayo Clinic - Pituitary Tumors
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Pituitary Tumors
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
