Pituitary

Pituitary

The pituitary is a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in the human body's endocrine system. It is located at the base of the brain, and is responsible for producing and releasing a variety of hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily functions.

Anatomy

The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis). Each part has a different structure and function.

Anterior Pituitary

The anterior pituitary is the front part of the gland. It produces and releases a variety of hormones, including growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL).

Posterior Pituitary

The posterior pituitary is the back part of the gland. It does not produce hormones, but it does store and release two hormones made in the hypothalamus: oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone, or ADH).

Function

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the function of most other endocrine glands. The hormones it produces and releases regulate a wide range of bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and water balance.

Disorders

There are several disorders that can affect the pituitary gland, including pituitary adenoma, Cushing's disease, acromegaly, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. These disorders can cause a variety of symptoms and can often be treated with medication or surgery.

See also

• Endocrine system
• Hormone
• Hypothalamus

Pituitary Resources
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References

External links

• Mayo Clinic - Pituitary Tumors
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Pituitary Tumors