Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion

Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion is a medical condition characterized by the excessive secretion of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. This condition is often associated with Cushing's disease, a disorder resulting from a pituitary adenoma that secretes excessive ACTH, leading to an overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands.

Etiology

The primary cause of Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion is a pituitary adenoma, a benign tumor of the pituitary gland. These adenomas are often microadenomas, less than 10 mm in size. Other causes can include ectopic ACTH syndrome, where ACTH is produced by non-pituitary tumors, and rare cases of pituitary hyperplasia.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion are primarily due to the overproduction of cortisol, a hormone that regulates a wide range of processes throughout the body. These symptoms can include obesity centered around the torso, a rounded "moon" face, a hump of fat between the shoulders, skin changes such as purple stretch marks, and muscle weakness. Psychological symptoms can include mood swings, anxiety, and depression.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion typically involves a series of hormonal tests, including a dexamethasone suppression test, ACTH measurement, and cortisol measurement. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan may also be used to identify the presence of a pituitary adenoma.

Treatment

Treatment for Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion typically involves surgery to remove the pituitary adenoma. In some cases, medication may be used to reduce ACTH production or to block the effects of cortisol. Radiation therapy may also be used if surgery is not an option.

See also

• Cushing's disease
• Pituitary gland
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone
• Cortisol