Adiposogenital dystrophy

A rare endocrine disorder affecting fat distribution and sexual development

Adiposogenital dystrophy, also known as Frohlich's syndrome, is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by abnormal distribution of body fat and underdeveloped sexual organs. This condition is often associated with hypothalamic dysfunction, which affects the pituitary gland and subsequently the endocrine system.

Pathophysiology

Adiposogenital dystrophy is primarily caused by damage or dysfunction in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates various bodily functions, including hormone production. The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates the gonads and adipose tissue.

The disruption in hormone regulation leads to a deficiency in gonadotropins, which are hormones responsible for stimulating the gonads. This results in hypogonadism, a condition where the gonads produce insufficient sex hormones, leading to underdeveloped sexual characteristics.

Clinical Features

Individuals with adiposogenital dystrophy typically present with the following symptoms:

• Abnormal distribution of body fat, often resulting in obesity, particularly in the trunk and thighs.
• Underdeveloped genitalia and delayed puberty.
• Infertility due to hypogonadism.
• Visual disturbances if the hypothalamic dysfunction affects the optic chiasm.
• Diabetes insipidus in some cases, due to impaired antidiuretic hormone production.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of adiposogenital dystrophy involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans may be used to assess the hypothalamic region for any structural abnormalities. Hormonal assays are conducted to evaluate levels of pituitary and gonadal hormones.

Treatment

Treatment of adiposogenital dystrophy focuses on addressing the underlying hormonal imbalances and managing symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy may be administered to compensate for deficiencies in sex hormones. In cases where a tumor or other structural abnormality is identified, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with adiposogenital dystrophy varies depending on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can improve outcomes and quality of life.

Related pages

• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Hypogonadism
• Endocrine system

Gallery

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  A historical depiction of a woman with Frohlich's syndrome.

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  Naked woman with lipomatous Frohlich's syndrome