Gonads

Gonads are the primary reproductive organs in an organism. They are responsible for producing the gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones of an individual. In males, these organs are known as the testes, and in females, they are known as the ovaries.

Function

The primary function of the gonads is to produce gametes and sex hormones. The gametes are the cells that combine during sexual reproduction to form a new organism. The sex hormones are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty and for regulating the reproductive cycle.

Testes

In males, the gonads are the testes. They are located in the scrotum, a pouch of skin outside the body. The testes produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deepening of the voice, and increased muscle mass.

Ovaries

In females, the gonads are the ovaries. They are located in the pelvis, on either side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone are responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, widening of the hips, and the menstrual cycle.

Disorders

Disorders of the gonads can lead to a variety of health problems, including infertility, hormonal imbalances, and cancer. Some common disorders include Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), testicular cancer, and ovarian cancer.

See Also

• Endocrine system
• Reproductive system
• Hormone
• Gamete

References

Gonads Resources
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