Thyroid storm

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Thyroid storm
Thyroid vector.svg
Synonyms Thyrotoxic crisis
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Fever, tachycardia, hypertension, confusion, diarrhea, vomiting
Complications Heart failure, arrhythmia, coma
Onset Sudden
Duration Variable
Types N/A
Causes Hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter
Risks Infection, surgery, trauma, pregnancy
Diagnosis Clinical evaluation, thyroid function tests
Differential diagnosis Sepsis, pheochromocytoma, malignant hyperthermia
Prevention N/A
Treatment Beta blockers, antithyroid drugs, corticosteroids, supportive care
Medication Propranolol, methimazole, propylthiouracil
Prognosis Potentially life-threatening without treatment
Frequency Rare
Deaths High mortality if untreated


Thyroid storm, also known as thyrotoxic crisis, is a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by an extreme overproduction of thyroid hormones. It is a severe form of hyperthyroidism and requires immediate medical attention.

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

Thyroid storm occurs when there is a sudden and excessive release of thyroid hormones, leading to a hypermetabolic state. This can result from untreated or inadequately treated Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or thyroiditis. The excessive thyroid hormones increase the body's metabolism, affecting multiple organ systems.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of thyroid storm are severe and can include:

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of thyroid storm is primarily clinical, based on the presence of symptoms and a history of hyperthyroidism. Laboratory tests may show elevated levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), with suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment of thyroid storm involves:

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

With prompt and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for thyroid storm can be good. However, if left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as heart failure, shock, and death.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Preventing thyroid storm involves proper management of underlying hyperthyroidism. Regular monitoring and adherence to prescribed treatments can help prevent the occurrence of a thyroid storm.

See Also[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD