Thyroid gland

Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland that plays a major role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. If the body needs more energy in certain situations, for instance, during pregnancy or cold temperatures, the thyroid gland produces more hormones.

Anatomy

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck. It's made up of two lobes, connected by an isthmus. The gland is small in size, weighing approximately 15-20 grams in adults. It's located below the Adam's apple and is wrapped around the trachea (windpipe).

Function

The primary function of the thyroid gland is the production of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate the body's metabolic rate and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. The thyroid gland also produces the hormone calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis.

Disorders

There are several disorders associated with the thyroid gland. These include hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid), thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid), goiter (enlargement of the thyroid), and thyroid cancer.

See Also

• Endocrine system
• Hormone
• Metabolism

External Links

• American Thyroid Association

Thyroid gland Resources
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