Corticotropic cell

Corticotropic cell or corticotroph is a type of cell found in the anterior pituitary, an important gland in the endocrine system. These cells produce and secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a steroid hormone.

Structure

File:Pituitary gland diagram.png

Diagram of the pituitary gland, showing the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) where corticotropic cells are located.

Corticotropic cells are located in the anterior pituitary, also known as the adenohypophysis. They are basophilic, meaning they stain darkly with basic dyes, due to the presence of large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the cells.

Function

The primary function of corticotropic cells is to produce and secrete ACTH in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus. ACTH then acts on the adrenal cortex, stimulating it to produce and release cortisol. Cortisol is a crucial hormone that helps the body respond to stress, maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular function, slow the immune system's inflammatory response, and balance the effects of insulin in breaking down sugar for energy.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in corticotropic cells can lead to various medical conditions. Overproduction of ACTH can cause Cushing's disease, characterized by high levels of cortisol in the blood. Symptoms may include weight gain, skin changes, and fatigue. On the other hand, underproduction of ACTH can lead to Addison's disease, which is characterized by low levels of cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

See also

• Pituitary gland
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone
• Cushing's disease
• Addison's disease

References

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