Thyrotropic cell

Thyrotropic Cell

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A thyrotropic cell of the anterior pituitary

A thyrotropic cell (also known as a thyrotroph) is a type of cell found in the anterior pituitary, specifically in the pars distalis region. These cells are responsible for the production and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which regulates the thyroid gland's production of thyroid hormones.

Structure

Thyrotropic cells are basophilic, meaning they stain darkly with basic dyes. They are typically polygonal in shape and are found scattered throughout the pars distalis region of the anterior pituitary. These cells are characterized by their large, round nuclei and the presence of secretory granules in their cytoplasm.

Function

The primary function of thyrotropic cells is to produce and secrete TSH in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus. TSH acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the production and release of thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones play crucial roles in regulating the body's metabolism, growth, and development.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in thyrotropic cells can lead to various medical conditions. Overproduction of TSH can result in hyperthyroidism, characterized by an overactive thyroid gland and increased levels of thyroid hormones. Conversely, underproduction can lead to hypothyroidism, characterized by an underactive thyroid gland and decreased levels of thyroid hormones. Both conditions can have significant impacts on a person's health and quality of life.

See also

• Anterior pituitary
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone
• Thyroid gland
• Hypothalamus