Acidophil cell

Acidophil cell or acidophil is a type of cell found in the anterior pituitary, also known as the adenohypophysis. These cells are responsible for the production and secretion of certain hormones, specifically growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL).

Structure

Acidophil cells are large, polygonal cells that are densely packed with granules. These granules are eosinophilic, meaning they stain red or pink when treated with eosin, a type of acidic dye. This characteristic gives the acidophil cells their name, which means "acid-loving".

Function

The primary function of acidophil cells is to produce and secrete hormones. They are responsible for the production of two major hormones:

• Growth Hormone (GH): This hormone plays a crucial role in growth, body composition, cell repair, and metabolism. It helps to increase muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance, while also aiding in the recovery from injury and disease.

• Prolactin (PRL): This hormone is primarily associated with lactation. It stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk in mammals. In addition to its role in lactation, prolactin also plays a role in over 300 separate processes in various vertebrates, including humans.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in acidophil cells can lead to a variety of medical conditions. Overproduction of growth hormone can lead to gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults. Overproduction of prolactin can lead to hyperprolactinemia, which can cause irregular menstrual periods and infertility in women, and impotence in men.

See also

• Basophil cell
• Chromophobe
• Pituitary gland
• Hormone