Zona glomerulosa

Zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex, the part of the adrenal gland responsible for producing steroid hormones. It is primarily involved in the production of mineralocorticoids, most notably aldosterone, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Structure

The zona glomerulosa is the thinnest and most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, accounting for about 15% of the cortex's total mass. It is composed of densely packed cells arranged in spherical clusters or arches, which gives the layer its characteristic "glomerular" appearance.

Function

The primary function of the zona glomerulosa is the production of mineralocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones that help regulate the body's electrolyte balance. The most important of these is aldosterone, which acts on the cells of the kidney to increase the reabsorption of sodium ions and water, and the excretion of potassium ions. This helps to maintain blood volume and pressure, and to ensure the proper functioning of the body's cells and organs.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the function of the zona glomerulosa can lead to a variety of medical conditions. Overproduction of aldosterone, for example, can result in Conn's syndrome, a disorder characterized by high blood pressure and low potassium levels. Conversely, underproduction of aldosterone can lead to Addison's disease, a condition characterized by low blood pressure, fatigue, and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).

See also

• Adrenal gland
• Adrenal cortex
• Zona fasciculata
• Zona reticularis
• Aldosterone
• Mineralocorticoid