Oxyphil cell (parathyroid)

Oxyphil cell (parathyroid)

File:Parathyroid gland.jpg

Micrograph of a parathyroid gland showing oxyphil cells. H&E stain.

Oxyphil cells are a type of cell found in the parathyroid gland. They are characterized by their large size, abundant mitochondria, and acidophilic cytoplasm, which stains pink with H&E stain. Oxyphil cells are less numerous than the chief cells in the parathyroid gland and their function is not as well understood.

Structure

Oxyphil cells are larger than the more numerous chief cells and have a distinct appearance due to their high mitochondrial content. The cytoplasm of oxyphil cells is granular and stains intensely with eosin, giving them a pinkish hue under the microscope. These cells are typically found in clusters within the parathyroid gland.

Function

The exact function of oxyphil cells is not well defined. Unlike chief cells, which are responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), oxyphil cells do not appear to secrete PTH. Some studies suggest that oxyphil cells may have a role in the aging process of the parathyroid gland or may be involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism in a manner that is not yet fully understood.

Development

Oxyphil cells are not present at birth but appear after puberty and increase in number with age. The transition from chief cells to oxyphil cells is thought to be a part of the normal aging process of the parathyroid gland.

Clinical significance

Oxyphil cells can be found in greater numbers in certain pathological conditions of the parathyroid gland, such as parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. Their presence can be used as a diagnostic marker in histopathological examinations.

See also

• Parathyroid gland
• Chief cells (parathyroid)
• Parathyroid hormone
• Parathyroid adenoma
• Parathyroid hyperplasia