Oxyphil cell (parathyroid)

Oxyphil cell is a type of cell found in the parathyroid gland. These cells are larger than the more common chief cells of the parathyroid gland and have a distinctive appearance due to their abundant, acidophilic, granular cytoplasm. The function of oxyphil cells is not entirely understood, but they are believed to play a role in the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Structure

Oxyphil cells are larger than chief cells, with a diameter of about 10-15 micrometers. They are characterized by their abundant, acidophilic, granular cytoplasm, which is due to the presence of numerous mitochondria. The cells are arranged in small clusters or cords, often adjacent to blood vessels.

File:Parathyroid gland - intermed mag.jpg

Histological section of the parathyroid gland showing oxyphil cells (stained pink) among chief cells

Function

The exact function of oxyphil cells is not fully understood. They do not appear to produce PTH, the main hormone produced by the parathyroid gland. However, they may play a role in the production of other hormones or substances. Some studies have suggested that oxyphil cells may be involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, but this is not yet confirmed.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the number or appearance of oxyphil cells can be a sign of certain diseases. For example, an increase in the number of oxyphil cells is seen in hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive production of PTH. In contrast, a decrease in the number of oxyphil cells is seen in hypoparathyroidism, a condition characterized by insufficient production of PTH.

See also

• Parathyroid gland
• Chief cell (parathyroid)
• Parathyroid hormone

References

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