Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands. This excess PTH can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause a variety of health problems.

3D Medical Animation still shot Hyperparathyroidism

Types[edit | edit source]

There are two main types of hyperparathyroidism: primary and secondary.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by an enlargement or adenoma in one or more of the parathyroid glands. This leads to an overproduction of PTH and subsequent high calcium levels in the blood.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a response to low calcium levels in the blood. This can be due to various reasons such as vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease, or dietary insufficiency. The low calcium levels stimulate the parathyroid glands to produce more PTH.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Hyperparathyroidism can often be asymptomatic, especially in its early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
Fatigue or weakness
Depression or forgetfulness
Bone and joint pain
Frequent urination
Kidney stones
Nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Hyperparathyroidism is often diagnosed through blood tests that show high levels of PTH and calcium. Other tests, like bone density scans and kidney function tests, may also be used. In some cases, imaging tests can help identify an enlarged parathyroid gland.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In primary hyperparathyroidism, surgery to remove the affected parathyroid gland(s) may be necessary. For secondary hyperparathyroidism, treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as increasing calcium or vitamin D intake or managing kidney disease.

References[edit | edit source]

Khan, Aliya (2017). "Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Evaluation". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Komaba, Hirotaka; Fukagawa, Masafumi (2012). "Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Pathogenesis and Treatment". Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis.
Bilezikian, John P.; Khan, Aliya A.; Potts, John T. (2009). "Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

External Links[edit | edit source]

Hyperparathyroidism - MedlinePlus Primary Hyperparathyroidism - Mayo Clinic Hyperparathyroidism - American Association of Endocrine Surgeons

Hyperparathyroidism Resources
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