Subacute thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis (also known as de Quervain's thyroiditis and giant cell thyroiditis) is a form of thyroiditis that is usually self-limiting, of viral origin, and accompanied by systemic symptoms. It is characterized by neck pain, systemic symptoms, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Signs and Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Patients with subacute thyroiditis typically present with a triphasic pattern of thyroid dysfunction. The initial phase is characterized by neck pain and systemic symptoms, including fever, malaise, and myalgia. This is followed by a thyrotoxic phase, during which patients may experience symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance, and palpitations. The final phase is a hypothyroid phase, which may last for several months.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of subacute thyroiditis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a viral infection. The condition is often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection, and it has been associated with several viruses, including mumps, influenza, and coxsackie viruses.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis is typically based on the patient's clinical presentation and laboratory findings. The most characteristic laboratory finding is an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Other common findings include a low uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland and elevated levels of thyroid hormones in the blood.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of subacute thyroiditis is primarily symptomatic. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be used. Once the thyrotoxic phase has resolved, patients may require treatment with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for subacute thyroiditis is generally good. Most patients recover completely within a few months, although some may experience a recurrence of symptoms.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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