Thyrotoxicosis

Thyrotoxicosis is a condition characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. This condition can lead to a rapid heartbeat, sweating, weight loss, and nervousness. It is often caused by Graves' disease, but can also be caused by toxic multinodular goitre, toxic adenoma, or inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis).

Causes

The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much thyroid hormone. Other causes include toxic multinodular goitre, where multiple lumps in the thyroid gland produce too much hormone, and toxic adenoma, a single lump in the thyroid gland that produces too much hormone. Inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis) can also cause thyrotoxicosis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis can vary, but often include a rapid heartbeat, sweating, weight loss, and nervousness. Other symptoms can include tremor, insomnia, and diarrhea. In severe cases, thyrotoxicosis can lead to thyroid storm, a life-threatening condition characterized by high fever, rapid heart rate, and delirium.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. Blood tests can measure levels of thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or radioiodine uptake tests, can help determine the cause of thyrotoxicosis.

Treatment

Treatment for thyrotoxicosis depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Options can include medication to reduce the production of thyroid hormone, radioiodine therapy to destroy part of the thyroid gland, or surgery to remove the thyroid gland.

See also

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroid disease
• Thyroid function tests

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