Anxiety disorder

Anxiety Disorder

The Scream by Edvard Munch, often associated with feelings of anxiety.

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future events, and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.

Types of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders include:

• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• Panic disorder
• Social anxiety disorder (SAD)
• Specific phobias
• Agoraphobia
• Separation anxiety disorder

Each type of anxiety disorder has its own unique set of symptoms, but all are characterized by excessive fear or worry.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of anxiety disorders include:

• Feeling nervous, restless, or tense
• Having a sense of impending danger, panic, or doom
• Increased heart rate
• Rapid breathing (hyperventilation)
• Sweating
• Trembling
• Feeling weak or tired
• Trouble concentrating or thinking about anything other than the present worry

Causes

The exact cause of anxiety disorders is unknown, but they are likely a combination of genetic, environmental, psychological, and developmental factors. Risk factors include:

• Trauma
• Stress due to an illness
• Stress buildup
• Personality
• Other mental health disorders
• Having blood relatives with an anxiety disorder
• Drugs or alcohol

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of anxiety disorders involves a physical exam, mental health evaluation, and psychological questionnaires. Healthcare providers may use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose anxiety disorders.

Treatment

Treatment for anxiety disorders often includes a combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Common treatments include:

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Antidepressants
• Anti-anxiety medications
• Beta-blockers
• Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy diet, and adequate sleep

Prognosis

With proper treatment, many people with anxiety disorders can manage their symptoms and lead normal, fulfilling lives. However, some may experience chronic anxiety that requires ongoing treatment.

Related Pages

• Mental health
• Depression (mood)
• Stress (biology)
• Psychotherapy