Toxic multinodular goitre

Toxic Multinodular Goitre

File:Toxic multinodular goitre.jpg

Ultrasound image of a toxic multinodular goitre

A Toxic Multinodular Goitre is a type of thyroid disease characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules, which produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. This condition is also known as Plummer's disease.

Etiology

The exact cause of toxic multinodular goitre is unknown. However, it is often associated with a long history of goitre due to iodine deficiency. Other risk factors include age (it is more common in older adults), gender (it is more common in women), and a family history of thyroid diseases.

Symptoms

Symptoms of toxic multinodular goitre can vary, but may include: hyperthyroidism, rapid or irregular heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, irritability, tremors, and heat intolerance.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of toxic multinodular goitre typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or radioiodine scan to visualize the thyroid gland and its nodules.

Treatment

Treatment options for toxic multinodular goitre may include radioiodine therapy, thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the thyroid gland), or medication to control the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with toxic multinodular goitre is generally good. However, untreated or inadequately treated disease can lead to serious complications, including thyroid storm and heart failure.

See also

• Goitre
• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid nodule