Toxic nodular goiter

Toxic nodular goiter (TNG), also known as Plummer's disease, is a condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland and the presence of one or more thyroid nodules that produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms

The symptoms of TNG are similar to those of other forms of hyperthyroidism and may include weight loss, increased appetite, rapid heart rate, nervousness, irritability, and tremors. In addition, the enlarged thyroid gland may cause a visible swelling in the neck and can lead to difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Causes

The exact cause of TNG is unknown, but it is more common in older adults and in individuals who have had a goiter for a long time. It is also more common in women than in men. Some research suggests that TNG may be associated with certain genetic mutations, but more research is needed to confirm this.

Diagnosis

TNG is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or nuclear medicine scans to visualize the thyroid gland and identify any nodules.

Treatment

The treatment for TNG typically involves reducing the production of thyroid hormones. This can be achieved through medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

See also

• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid nodules
• Goiter
• Thyroidectomy

References

Toxic nodular goiter Resources
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