Leucine

Leucine is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is an essential amino acid, meaning that it cannot be synthesized by the human body, and therefore, must be obtained from the diet. Leucine is classified as a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), along with isoleucine and valine.

Structure and Properties

Leucine is a aliphatic amino acid, which means it has a straight chain structure. It has a hydrophobic side chain, which makes it soluble in organic solvents but not in water. The chemical formula of leucine is C6H13NO2.

Biological Role

Leucine plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and muscle repair. It is one of the three BCAAs, which are especially important for muscle protein synthesis. Leucine also helps to regulate blood sugar levels by modulating insulin secretion from the pancreas. It also plays a role in the production of growth hormone.

Dietary Sources

Leucine is found in a variety of foods, particularly in high-protein foods such as meat, dairy products, and legumes. It is also available as a dietary supplement, often in the form of BCAA supplements.

Health Benefits and Risks

Leucine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis and to promote muscle recovery after exercise. However, excessive intake of leucine can lead to a condition known as maple syrup urine disease, which is characterized by a sweet-smelling urine and can lead to neurological damage if left untreated.

See Also

• Amino acid
• Protein synthesis
• Branched-chain amino acid
• Maple syrup urine disease

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