Pericarditis

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the double-walled sac that encloses the heart. It may occur suddenly and resolve after a few weeks (acute), or symptoms may recur or persist over time (chronic).

Pericarditis

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Etiology

Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Viral infections: The most common cause of pericarditis, especially in younger patients. Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma can lead to pericarditis. Myocardial infarction: Pericarditis can occur as a complication of a heart attack. Trauma: Physical injury to the heart or chest can cause pericarditis. Cancer: Malignancies that spread to the pericardium, such as lung or breast cancer, can cause pericarditis.

Clinical Features

The cardinal symptom of pericarditis is chest pain, typically sharp and located in the middle or left side of the chest. The pain can radiate to the shoulders and neck and often worsens when lying flat. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, and fever.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is typically made through history and physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and often confirmed with an echocardiogram. Additional tests may include blood tests, chest X-ray, CT scan, or MRI of the heart.

Treatment

The primary treatment for pericarditis is aimed at reducing inflammation and managing pain. It often involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine. In severe cases, corticosteroids or pericardiocentesis may be needed. The underlying cause, if identified, should also be treated.

Summary

Pericarditis is inflammation of the membranous sac that covers the heart, causing chest pain and fever

See Also

• Pericardium
• Myocarditis
• Endocarditis

References

Pericarditis Resources
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