Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammatory pathology that predominantly impacts the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart. Though primarily stemming from bacterial sources, various other microorganisms or non-infectious triggers can induce this condition. Predominantly, heart valves become the focal point of this ailment, with a potential escalation to critical complications if not addressed in due time.[1]
Etiology and Predisposing Factors[edit | edit source]
Endocarditis can manifest from a myriad of microorganisms; however, bacteria such as streptococci, staphylococci, and enterococci are the most frequent culprits. A subtype, termed non-infective endocarditis, arises without concurrent infection, influenced by factors like lupus, cancer, or specific drug usage.[2] Predisposing factors include the presence of prosthetic heart valves, prior endocarditis episodes, congenital heart anomalies, and intravenous drug utilization.
Clinical Manifestations and Potential Complications[edit | edit source]
Clinical manifestations span a spectrum from fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, to the auditory sign of a heart murmur. As the pathology advances, graver signs such as heart failure might surface. Complications encompass heart valve deterioration, heart failure, cerebral events like stroke, and systemic embolism.[3]
Diagnostic Approach and Therapeutic Interventions[edit | edit source]
For diagnosis, clinicians commonly resort to blood cultures to identify causative agents and employ imaging modalities like echocardiography for detailed visualization of heart valves. A well-established set of criteria, the Duke Criteria, amalgamates clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data for a conclusive diagnosis.[4]
Treatment paradigms primarily involve prolonged antibiotic regimens, often necessitating in-patient care. In scenarios where antibiotics fail or the disease severity escalates, surgical interventions to repair or supplant damaged heart valves might be imperative.[5]
Prophylaxis[edit | edit source]
To thwart the onset of endocarditis, it is advisable to maintain dental hygiene and undergo periodic dental examinations since dental infections can be a precursor to endocarditis. Certain high-risk cohorts might also necessitate antibiotic prophylaxis prior to specific dental or surgical ventures.[6]
Related Topics[edit | edit source]
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
Endocarditis Resources | ||
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