Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a specific form of cardiomyopathy caused by sustained rapid heart rates. The condition is characterized by the deterioration of the heart muscle's ability to contract, leading to heart failure.

Etiology

TIC is typically caused by chronic tachycardia, a condition where the heart beats at an abnormally fast rate. This can be due to a variety of underlying conditions, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and supraventricular tachycardia.

Pathophysiology

The exact mechanism of TIC is not fully understood. However, it is believed that the sustained high heart rate leads to changes in the structure and function of the heart. This includes myocardial fibrosis, a condition where the heart muscle becomes stiff and less able to contract.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with TIC often present with symptoms of heart failure, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. They may also have a history of palpitations or rapid heart rate.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of TIC is often challenging, as it requires ruling out other causes of cardiomyopathy. This typically involves a combination of electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac MRI.

Treatment

The primary treatment for TIC is to control the heart rate. This can be achieved through medication, cardioversion, or catheter ablation. In some cases, a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be required.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for TIC is generally good. Most patients experience a significant improvement in heart function once the heart rate is controlled. However, if left untreated, TIC can lead to severe heart failure and death.

See Also

• Cardiomyopathy
• Heart failure
• Tachycardia