Pericardial effusion
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
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| Pericardial effusion | |
|---|---|
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| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue |
| Complications | Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis |
| Onset | Gradual or sudden |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Infection, inflammation, trauma, cancer, autoimmune disease |
| Risks | Heart surgery, kidney failure, hypothyroidism |
| Diagnosis | Echocardiogram, chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Heart failure, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Pericardiocentesis, anti-inflammatory medication, surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pericardial effusion is fluid buildup inside of the pericardium, affecting the performance of the heart.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
- In pericardial effusion, there is extra fluid collects between the heart and the pericardium (the sac around the heart).
- The extra fluid causes pressure on the heart.
- This keeps it from pumping blood normally.
- Lymph vessels may also be blocked, which can cause infection.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Pericardial effusions may be caused by cancer or cancer treatment, infection, injury, autoimmune disorders, thyroid disease or kidney problems etc.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of pericardial effusion include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Fever is a common symptom of acute pericarditis.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis was with physical exam, imaging tests, and heart tests such as echocardiography to make a diagnosis.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment depends on the cause and may involve pericardiocentesis
Complications[edit | edit source]
If the pericardial effusion is severe, it can lead to a life threatening emergency called cardiac tamponade where the heart is compressed due to pressure of the fluid in the pericardial sac. Immediate medical attention is required in thi case.
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External links[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
