Hyoscine

Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is an alkaloid medication with notable anticholinergic properties. It's commonly used in the medical field for its sedative properties, its efficacy in treating nausea and vomiting, and its ability to induce pupil dilation for ophthalmic procedures.

L-Scopolamin

Pharmacological Action

As an anticholinergic agent, hyoscine blocks the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that transmits signals in the nervous system. In the peripheral system, hyoscine reduces smooth muscle contraction, saliva production, and other parasympathetic functions. In the central nervous system, it has sedative and antiemetic effects.

Medical Uses

Hyoscine's antiemetic properties make it particularly effective for preventing motion sickness and post-operative nausea and vomiting. It is often administered via a transdermal patch for motion sickness or orally/intravenously in the postoperative setting.

In ophthalmology, hyoscine is used to dilate the pupils, a condition known as mydriasis, which facilitates examination of the interior of the eye and also aids in certain surgical procedures.

Side Effects and Contraindications

Potential side effects of hyoscine include dry mouth, increased heart rate, urinary retention, and blurred vision, which are typical anticholinergic side effects. Additionally, it can cause drowsiness or confusion, particularly in the elderly. It's generally contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, severe liver disease, and in those who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to the drug.

See also

• Anticholinergic
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Ophthalmology

Hyoscine Resources
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