4-Hydroxyamphetamine

P-Hydroxyamphetamine

4-Hydroxyamphetamine (4-HA), also known as para-hydroxyamphetamine (PHA), is a psychoactive drug and research chemical belonging to the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It acts primarily as a norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) with psychoactive and stimulant properties. This compound is related to more commonly known substances such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

Pharmacology

4-Hydroxyamphetamine has a mechanism of action similar to other amphetamine derivatives. It works by increasing the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, leading to stimulant effects. Additionally, 4-HA may act as a serotonin releasing agent to a lesser extent. The compound's ability to release norepinephrine and dopamine contributes to its use in scientific research to study the neurotransmitter system and potential therapeutic applications.

Medical Use

Historically, 4-Hydroxyamphetamine has been used in the form of its hydrobromide salt as a mydriatic (to dilate the pupils) and in diagnostic procedures related to the sympathetic nervous system. However, its use in clinical settings has declined due to the development of more selective agents with fewer side effects.

Legal Status

The legal status of 4-Hydroxyamphetamine varies by country, but it is often regulated due to its structural similarity to controlled substances such as amphetamine and methamphetamine. In many jurisdictions, its manufacture, possession, and distribution are restricted or banned outright.

Research

Research on 4-Hydroxyamphetamine has focused on its potential applications in neuroscience and pharmacology, particularly its effects on the neurotransmitter system. Studies have explored its use as a tool to investigate the mechanisms of neurotransmitter release and reuptake, as well as its potential therapeutic effects in treating neurological disorders. However, due to its psychoactive properties and regulatory status, research is often limited.

See Also

• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine
• Phenethylamine
• Neurotransmitter
• Psychoactive drug

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