Mydriatic

Mydriatic

A mydriatic agent is a type of drug that induces mydriasis, or dilation of the pupil of the eye. This is typically achieved by inhibiting the actions of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the iris and ciliary muscle. Mydriatic agents are commonly used in ophthalmology to facilitate examination of the retina and other deep structures of the eye.

Types of Mydriatic Agents

There are two main types of mydriatic agents: anticholinergics and sympathomimetics.

Anticholinergics

Anticholinergic mydriatics work by blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the iris and ciliary muscle. This prevents the muscle from contracting, which in turn causes the pupil to dilate. Examples of anticholinergic mydriatics include atropine, cyclopentolate, and tropicamide.

Sympathomimetics

Sympathomimetic mydriatics mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system, causing the iris to relax and the pupil to dilate. Examples of sympathomimetic mydriatics include phenylephrine and epinephrine.

Uses

Mydriatic agents are primarily used in ophthalmology to allow for a more thorough examination of the retina and other deep structures of the eye. They may also be used in the treatment of certain eye conditions, such as iritis and uveitis, and to prevent or treat synechiae.

Side Effects

Potential side effects of mydriatic agents include blurred vision, photophobia, and eye redness. In rare cases, they can cause systemic side effects such as tachycardia, hypertension, and dry mouth.

See Also

• Miotic
• Cycloplegia
• Ophthalmoscopy

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