Psychoactive

Psychoactive substances are chemical substances that affect the function of the central nervous system, altering perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. These substances may be used recreationally, to purposefully alter one's consciousness, or therapeutically, as medication.

Classification

Psychoactive substances are classified into different categories based on their pharmacological effects. Common classes of psychoactive substances include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids.

Stimulants

Stimulants increase activity in the central nervous system. They typically enhance alertness, mood, and energy. Examples include caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamines.

Depressants

Depressants decrease activity in the central nervous system. They are often used to relieve anxiety, to promote sleep, and to suppress seizures. Examples include alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates.

Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens alter perception, thoughts, and feelings. They cause hallucinations and other changes in subjective experiences. Examples include LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline.

Opioids

Opioids are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, morphine, and many others.

Effects

The effects of psychoactive substances can vary widely depending on the specific drug, the dose, the method of administration, the individual's genetic makeup, and the context in which it is used.

See also

• Drug addiction
• Psychoactive drug
• Recreational drug use
• Substance abuse

References

Psychoactive Resources
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