Aprobarbital

A barbiturate derivative used as a sedative and hypnotic

Chemical structure of Aprobarbital

Aprobarbital, also known by the brand name Alurate, is a barbiturate derivative that has been used primarily as a sedative and hypnotic agent. It was first synthesized in the early 20th century and has been used in the treatment of insomnia and for its calming effects.

Chemical Properties

Aprobarbital is a barbiturate with the chemical formula C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₃. It is a derivative of barbituric acid, with a chemical structure that includes a pyrimidine ring. The compound is characterized by its ability to depress the central nervous system, leading to its sedative effects.

Ball-and-stick model of Aprobarbital

Pharmacology

Aprobarbital acts on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA, which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. This action results in increased neuronal inhibition and produces a calming effect on the brain, making it effective as a sedative and hypnotic.

Medical Uses

Aprobarbital has been used in the treatment of insomnia and for its sedative properties. It is typically prescribed for short-term use due to the potential for tolerance and dependence. The drug is administered orally and is known for its relatively rapid onset of action.

Side Effects

Common side effects of aprobarbital include drowsiness, dizziness, and headache. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, hypotension, and allergic reactions. Long-term use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.

Legal Status

Aprobarbital is classified as a controlled substance in many countries due to its potential for abuse and dependence. Its use is regulated, and it is typically available only by prescription.

Related Pages

• Barbiturate
• Sedative
• Hypnotic
• Insomnia
• GABA receptor