Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

The Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, also known as ARBs (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers), is a group of pharmaceuticals that modulate the renin-angiotensin system. They are commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart failure.

Mechanism of Action

ARBs work by inhibiting the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and releases another hormone called aldosterone which promotes the retention of sodium and water in the body. By blocking the angiotensin II receptor, these drugs dilate blood vessels and reduce the volume of blood, thereby lowering blood pressure.

Medical Uses

ARBs are primarily used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney disease from diabetes. They are also used to improve survival after heart attacks and in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Side Effects

Common side effects of ARBs include dizziness, hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), and decreased kidney function. In rare cases, they can cause angioedema (swelling of the skin and underlying tissues) and fetal toxicity.

Examples

Examples of ARBs include losartan, valsartan, and irbesartan. These drugs are often used as an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.

See Also

• Renin-angiotensin system
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme
• Hypertension
• Heart failure