Potassium-sparing diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics are a class of diuretics that are used in the management of hypertension and related conditions. They are unique in their ability to help the body retain potassium while still promoting diuresis (the excretion of water from the body).

Mechanism of Action

Potassium-sparing diuretics work by inhibiting the actions of the hormone aldosterone in the distal tubule and collecting duct of the nephron. This results in decreased reabsorption of sodium and water, but increased reabsorption of potassium.

Types

There are two main types of potassium-sparing diuretics: aldosterone antagonists and sodium channel blockers. Aldosterone antagonists include spironolactone and eplerenone, while sodium channel blockers include amiloride and triamterene.

Uses

Potassium-sparing diuretics are primarily used in the treatment of hypertension. They may also be used in the management of heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and in patients with hypokalemia (low blood potassium levels).

Side Effects

Common side effects of potassium-sparing diuretics include hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels), gynecomastia, and menstrual irregularities. Less common side effects may include kidney failure, liver dysfunction, and arrhythmias.

Contraindications

Potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia, severe kidney disease, and in those who are allergic to any of the ingredients in these medications.

Interactions

Potassium-sparing diuretics can interact with a number of other medications, including ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and potassium supplements. These interactions can increase the risk of hyperkalemia.

See Also

• Diuretics
• Hypertension
• Heart failure
• Liver cirrhosis
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypokalemia

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